The Organizzazione Rivoluzionaria Anarchica, previously known as the Organizzazione Anarchica Pugliese, was an Italian anarchist political movement born in the south-eastern region of Apulia.

In 1976, the OAP changed its name to the Organizzazione Rivoluzionaria Anarchica (Anarchist Revolutionary Organization - ORA) following the example of other organizations in France and Britain. In the same year, the 1st Regional Congress of the Organizzazione Rivoluzionaria Anarchica (ORA-Apulia) was held in Bari, which set up branches in the bigger towns of Apulia and was well-known for its work in local neighbourhoods, schools and universities and for its anti-fascist work. The ORA-Apulia was a testing ground for the creation of a national Anarchist Communist political organization in Italy. Its theoretical positions were inspired by the 1926 Organizational Platform and by the experiences of grassroots social movements throughout the country following the events of 1968.

In 1978, the 1st National Congress of the Organizzazione Rivoluzionaria Anarchica was held in Bari. This saw the participation of anarchist communists from the regions of Emilia, Lombardy and Campania, (and later from the regions of Marches, Veneto and Piedmont) and marked the change from a regional organization to a national level. Apart from its social work, the organization engaged in union work and was involved with factory councils and the CGIL union. In 1980 a National Assembly of the ORA was held in Modena which saw a split by some members, who left to set up the Partito Anarchico Italiano (Italian Anarchist Party - PAI). This group was later to join the Arcobaleno (Rainbow) environmentalist movement which also stood at elections at the time.

In 1981, the 5th ORA Congress was held in Cremona. This gave rise to a proposal from other Italian libertarian communist organizations for a National Coalition of Anarchist Communists (Collegamento Nazionale dei Comunisti Anarchici -CNCA), with the aim of building a national political organization.

The CNCA was joined by the PAI, the Unione dei Comunisti Anarchici della Toscana (UCAT), the Livornese Organizzazione Comunista Libertaria (OCL) and the Federazione Comunista Libertaria Ligure (FCLL). However, only with the UCAT did it later become possible to seriously develop a plan for unification.

In 1985, the ORA and the UCAT joined to form today's Federazione dei Comunisti Anarchici (FdCA).