The Organizzazione Rivoluzionaria Anarchica, previously known as the Organizzazione Anarchica Pugliese, was an Italian anarchist political movement born in the south-eastern region of Apulia.

In 1976, the OAP changed its name to the Organizzazione Rivoluzionaria Anarchica (Anarchist Revolutionary Organization - ORA) following the example of other organizations in France and Britain. In the same year, the 1st Regional Congress of the Organizzazione Rivoluzionaria Anarchica (ORA-Apulia) was held in Bari, which set up branches in the bigger towns of Apulia and was well-known for its work in local neighbourhoods, schools and universities and for its anti-fascist work. The ORA-Apulia was a testing ground for the creation of a national Anarchist Communist political organization in Italy. Its theoretical positions were inspired by the 1926 Organizational Platform and by the experiences of grassroots social movements throughout the country following the events of 1968.

In 1978, the 1st National Congress of the Organizzazione Rivoluzionaria Anarchica was held in Bari. This saw the participation of anarchist communists from the regions of Emilia, Lombardy and Campania, (and later from the regions of Marches, Veneto and Piedmont) and marked the change from a regional organization to a national level.