The Organizzazione Anarchica Pugliese was an Italian anarchist political movement born in the south-eastern region of Apulia.

In 1974, the 1st Regional Congress of the Organizzazione Anarchica Pugliese (OAP) was held in Bari with the participation of Apulian groups which had been expelled from the Federazione Anarchica Italiana (FAI) together with many other groups throughout Italy on charges of trying to transform the FAI into an organization based on theoretical and strategic unity and collective responsibility, along the lines established in the 1926 Organizational Platform. The OAP formed branches in the bigger towns in Apulia and was characterized by its social work in building local residents' committees and secondary-school and university student networks. It developed close links with other Platform-inspired regional organizations and tried unsuccessfully to build a national organization.

In 1976, following the example of similar organizations in France and Britain, the OAP changed its name to the Organizzazione Rivoluzionaria Anarchica (ORA).